Proceedings of the Shevchenko Scientific Society. Economic collection

ACTIVITIES OF THE POLISH ECONOMIC SOCIETY IN LVIV IN 1921-1939

2025-11-06T12:44:38+02:00

The article “The Activities of the Polish Economic Society in Lviv in 1921-1939” discusses the prerequisites for the creation and operation of one of the first institutions of this kind in interwar Poland. Its main goal is the development of economic knowledge and its popularization, and support for the specific economic policy of state institutions. After the restoration of independence in 1918, Polish economists began to look for organizational forms of activity that would contribute to the reconstruction of the state. On February 27, 1921, the Polish Economic Society was established in Lviv. The Society’s charter provided for participation in the preparation of Polish economic legislation, the development of economic science and education, and the popularization of economic knowledge. Researchers associate the flourishing of the Polish Economic Society in Lviv with the activities of Professor Leopold Karo of the Lviv Polytechnic, who established the Society’s financing, restored the periodicity of discussion meetings, and began publishing a journal and a series of scientific monographs. The scientist was inclined to statism, believed that Polish production needed constant state intervention. The Society founded its own library, which in 1938 numbered 3,118 volumes. In 1928, the ninth year of its foundation, the Polish Economic Society began publishing a magazine, in the columns of which the Society's economic studies and reports were published. Leopold Caro, Alfred Haluszka, Henryk Korowicz, Edwin Hauswald, Jan Peigert, Adam Roza, Karol Trawiński, Henryk Hurski, Władysław Yenner, Stanisław Shatzel, Roman Lonschat de Berrier, Adam Rose, Ludwik Kruszelnicki, Kostyantyn Zebrowski, Edward Lipinski, Leon Bigelaisen, Jan Arnicki, Jan Bzozowski, Marian Cieglinski, Henryk Groszman, Franciszek Tomanek and other scientists were published here.

PRICE SETTING FOR EASTERN GOODS AND PROFITS OF LVIV MERCHANTS IN TRADE WITH THE LEVANTE (MID-16TH - FIRST HALF OF 17TH CENTURY)

2025-11-06T12:44:56+02:00

This article examines the formation of prices for oriental goods in Lviv markets. It examines how circumstances such as constant Tatar raids, fires, famine, crop failures, plague epidemics, robberies, and others affected pricing, causing population depletion, destruction of cities and villages, and disruption of trade and trade relations. In addition, the influence of state policy on pricing for oriental goods is discussed. Through long-term regulatory efforts, the government set prices for all oriental goods entering the Lviv market from the Levant and introduced control mechanisms to ensure their compliance. The article also outlines the main areas of merchants' activities aimed at making a profit and provides an approximate estimate of their profit margin.

CONCEPTS OF THE STATE INFORMATION POLICY IN ORDER TO GUARANTEE THE NATIONAL INFORMATION SECURITY OF UKRAINE

2025-11-06T12:45:07+02:00

The rapid and global development of the information sphere and modern information technologies has a significant impact on the political, economic, socio-cultural, protection, and other components of the development of society and the state. Information resources in modern conditions are becoming a major factor in the life of all spheres of society. The effectiveness of the system of state management of national information resources and ensuring their security largely determines the overall level of information and national security in times of war. Any shortcomings in the structure and functioning of the public administration system lead to losses for society and the state. In this regard, the article considers the key concepts and foundations of state information policy in the field of information and national security. The activity of the state in the information sphere in the conditions of war has been analyzed. In addition, the main directions of the State in the field of information security have been determined. Conceptual approaches to ensuring information security are offered. Strategic information confrontation is an independent and fundamentally new type of confrontation capable of resolving the conflict without the use of armed forces in the traditional sense. Regularities of information confrontation have been determined and its quantitative characteristics have been analyzed. The article conducts formalization of levels of information weapons of the state and mechanisms of evolution depending on the resource potential of a specific state and the influence of the external environment. When developing the concept of the state information policy in order to ensure information and national security of Ukraine, it is necessary to proceed from the need to adopt such fundamental principles as openness of information policy, equality of interests of all participants in information relations, consistency, priority, etc. In this process, the main measures should be aimed at ensuring the state interests of Ukraine and not contradict the social interests of the citizens of the country. We need programs of state funding for information development, ensuring the priority of law over force, etc.

MIGRATION LOSSES AND STATE POLICY TO PRESERVE THE INTELLECTUAL AND HUMAN RESOURCE POTENTIAL OF YOUTH (USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE LVIV REGION)

2025-11-06T12:45:53+02:00

The study found that due to the high migratory activity of young people and the growth of structural disparities and imbalances in the regional labor market of the Lviv region, the following threatening trends are observed: an increase in the desire among the young population to go abroad with subsequent long-term residence and permanent life; difficulty in finding a job and an increase in the unemployment rate among young people; a spread of a positive attitude towards the possibility of employment abroad; increased interest among young people in obtaining education abroad, in particular due to the discrepancy between the level and quality of local education; a low level of intentions to return to the region after going abroad; insufficient use of educational immigration opportunities for the development of the region; an increase in the burden on the social system of the region due to the placement of internally displaced persons, including young people. The key areas of state policy for preserving the intellectual and human resources potential of young people to support the regional economy include: improving the institutional framework for implementing youth policy aimed at improving the quality of life of young people and reducing their migration attitudes; strengthening social protection of youth in combination with improving regional employment policy; promoting personal and professional development of youth, as well as expanding their participation in educational and scientific initiatives of the region; updating educational programs of local institutions in accordance with the needs of the labor market; strengthening cooperation with youth abroad and creating incentives for their return; developing a youth environment that motivates active participation in the socio-economic development of the region.

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO UKRAINE IN WAR CONDITIONS: GOALS AND PROSPECTS

2025-11-06T12:45:54+02:00

The full-scale war launched by Russia against Ukraine in February 2022 has become an unprecedented challenge for the Ukrainian state and its economy. Large-scale destruction of infrastructure, human losses, internal migration and other negative consequences of the war have led to a deep economic crisis and humanitarian catastrophe. In conditions of a sharp reduction in domestic resources and limited access to international financial markets, international financial assistance plays a crucial role in ensuring the country's vital activities, maintaining macroeconomic stability, financing critically important social programs and creating conditions for further recovery and development. The main objectives of international financial assistance to Ukraine in times of war have been identified and systematized, including: supporting macro-financial management and government activities, protecting the population in conditions of serious socio-economic shocks (pensions, salaries to state employees, assistance to IDPs), restoring destroyed infrastructure, supporting the functioning of critical infrastructure (energy, transport), preserving production and economic potential. The structure of international financial assistance provided to Ukraine since the beginning of the full-scale invasion is analyzed. Key donors are identified (USA, EU countries, Canada, Japan, Great Britain, and others), and the main channels of international assistance are identified (international financial organizations, partner countries, non-governmental organizations). The prospects for further international financial assistance to Ukraine in the context of the ongoing war and post-war reconstruction are identified.Various scenarios of the development of the situation and their impact on Ukraine's needs for external financing are considered. The need to continue international financial support to Ukraine in the long term, its direction towards priority areas of development, such as the restoration of critical infrastructure, modernization of the economy, support for the social sphere and strengthening the institutional capacity of the state, is substantiated.

STATE INSTRUMENTS FOR ENSURING ECONOMIC GROWTH IN UKRAINE

2025-11-06T12:46:14+02:00

The study emphasizes the relevance of the formation and implementation of the state policy of ensuring of stable economic growth in Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to update attention to the most problematic aspects, factors and obstacles, as well as to substantiate the priorities of the model of stable economic growth in Ukraine. The scale of the losses of the Ukrainian economy in the conditions of a full-scale war is shown. The conceptual model of stable economic growth of Ukraine is substantiated, consisting of 10 principled consecutive steps, the passage of which allows to achieve macroeconomic stabilization, as well as to move to a structurally balanced development of the national economy. It is proved that the model of economic growth is a vision of a set of systemic gradual steps, the implementation of which fundamentally changes the nature of economic relations, views on development and value orientations, the structure of social reproduction and development priorities of future generations. The dominant stages of changes that should take place in Ukraine as a result of the implementation of the state policy model of economic growth stabilization are identified, namely, the eradication of systemic defects in the functioning and development of the national economy system (the tasks of regulation at this stage are defined as overcoming systemic corruption, systemic detinization of economic relations, de-offshoreization and preservation of capitals), gradual transition to economic growth (the tasks of this stage are defined as strengthening economic security, realization of entrepreneurial potential, use of internal reserves, realization of foreign trade potential) and formation of a resource base for long-term stable planned development (with the tasks of ensuring economic stabilization, realization of foreign investment potential) . The system of sectoral priorities of the model of stable economic growth in Ukraine has been identified. The determined policy priorities are aimed at localization and leveling of challenges and threats to the functioning and development of such basic types of economic activity for Ukraine as industry, agro-industrial complex, transport and communication, ICT, creative industries.

PUBLIC DIPLOMACY AS A MODERN TOOL OF STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION BETWEEN STATES

2025-11-06T12:46:44+02:00

The article is dedicated to the analysis of public diplomacy as a modern tool of strategic communication between states worldwide, ensuring effective interaction on the international stage. The study examines approaches to defining the concept, essence, tasks, priorities, and main directions of contemporary public diplomacy. Particular attention is paid to the role of public diplomacy in Ukraine, which is implemented within the framework of the state-level Strategy of Public Diplomacy of Ukraine. Key characteristics of Ukraine’s positioning on the international level are highlighted. It is emphasized that public diplomacy serves as a soft power tool and encompasses areas such as cultural, economic, expert, culinary, scientific-educational, sports, and digital diplomacy, among others. Special attention is given to the current challenges Ukraine faces amid the full-scale Russian aggression and the opportunities to leverage public diplomacy to strengthen international support, counter informational threats, and shape a positive image of the state. The article also highlights the role of public diplomacy in the process of creating Ukraine’s national brand. It covers initiatives such as the ceremonial event "Honorary Ambassador of Ukraine," which recognizes individuals and teams that make significant contributions to strengthening the country's international image and support through their expertise, influence, and professional knowledge. The study’s findings demonstrate that a strategic approach to the implementation of public diplomacy contributes to achieving the state’s long-term goals, such as economic development, integration into the global community, enhancement of competitiveness, attraction of foreign investments, realization of export potential, and expansion of cultural influence. The article also provides recommendations for improving Ukraine’s public diplomacy practices and identifies prospects for its further development in the context of globalization.

NOOECONOMICS OF UKRAINE: A SOCIO-CULTURAL PROJECT OF HISTORICAL PURPOSE

2025-11-06T12:47:24+02:00

The prospects for the formation of nooeconomies as a paradigmatic project of an ideational type of culture in the conditions of modern Ukraine are investigated. The socio-cultural context of economic transformations is considered, in particular: the dialectic of attractive principles of the cultural space of the formation of the axiological basis of economic thinking; the nature of the dissipation of passionarity and non-gentropic activity in the dichotomous continuum of socio-cultural dynamics; the ontological principle of intelligible projectism of institutional-economic modalities of textualization of compressed meanings of the semantic vacuum by the filter of consciousness; the technical and technological determinism of zero marginal costs of material production as a condition for the collapse of the equivalent-minor space of profane time and, instead, the expansion of the space of symbolic exchange of sacred time of the ideational type of cultural mentality. The socio-cultural modifications of the strategies of “advantageous development” and “advantages of backwardness” are analyzed as factors for the diagnosis of the formation of the nooeconomy. Ukraine is considered as the time, place and environment of the formation and spread of the nooeconomy and the driving force of its formation – the cognitariat as a meritocratic class of the society of ideational culture and the civilization of the Sophian conscience.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE PROCESS OF FULFILLING ORDERS FOR FINISHED PRODUCTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF UNSTABLE DEMAND AND WAR

2025-11-06T12:47:09+02:00

An analysis of studies on the optimization of planned tasks for the production of finished products has been carried out. The base for modeling production processes of industrial-type enterprises is disclosed. The fulfillment of orders for finished products in the conditions of unstable, floating demand was studied. The final goal of the "just-in-time" work system is given. The main threats faced by combine-type enterprises have been revealed. The possibilities of the production structure regarding the reliable fulfillment of demand, regardless of its fluctuations during the specified period, are considered. This regime is achieved by means of two parallel flows of finished products to the point of sale: from the direct production line and from warehouse stocks. The functions of indicators of the reliability of the demand for finished products have been improved. The equation-balance of the possibilities of the production structure with the demand for finished products has been developed. The balance equation (RR) of the company's capabilities with the volume of consumer demand for finished products is proposed. The reliability indicator is found and its geometric interpretation is presented. The elasticity of the reliability indicator with respect to the demand for products is determined.

CHOICE OF STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF SECURITY OF COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISES IN THE CONDITIONS OF MARITAL STATE IN UKRAINE

2025-11-06T12:47:27+02:00

The article examines theoretical and applied approaches to the choice of strategic directions for the formation of the security of commercial entrepreneurship in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine. The purpose of the article was to study modern approaches and solutions for the development of measures to eliminate the safety problems of commercial entrepreneurship in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine. It has been proven that commercial entrepreneurship involves solving a whole complex of complex, often contradictory problems, taking into account national and regional interests, as well as the motives of various social groups of the population. It is argued that the further development of the entrepreneurial environment in Ukraine occurs with certain difficulties, which is explained by various reasons of an objective and subjective nature. The distribution of factors that hinder the development of commercial entrepreneurship is revealed. The definition of "safety of commercial entrepreneurship" has been clarified as a set of measures, the implementation of which makes it possible to ensure the economic stability of the enterprise and its development under the uncertainty of the internal and external environment and the risk of investment activity. It is substantiated that the safety of commercial entrepreneurship is achieved by creating a system of its support. Based on the study of the structural and logical scheme of ensuring the economic security of the enterprise at different levels of management, the formation of security through the implementation of measures and programs to ensure the security of the state, region, and the relevant sphere of economic activity is proposed. It is proposed for business structures to use a systematic approach to the organization of the safety of commercial entrepreneurship, which is organizational-management, regime, technical, preventive and propaganda measures aimed at the high-quality implementation of the protection of the interests of the enterprise from external and internal threats. The topics of the following studies should be the specifics of providing physical protection of subjects of commercial entrepreneurship, as well as information security as a component of economic security of business.

THEORETICAL AND INSTRUMENTAL FOUNDATIONS OF ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT

2025-11-06T12:48:00+02:00

The current unstable economic and social situation, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity and the interdependence of external environmental factors and internal variables of an enterprise in modern conditions have a significant and direct impact on its functioning, development and formation of prospects. The development of an enterprise based on its content and structure of formation is assessed through economic growth (result) taking into account quantitative and qualitative changes (in certain spatio-temporal conditions, under conditions of risk and uncertainty), where potential, quality of management, innovation and focus on continuous improvement processes ensure economic growth (result) of the enterprise. Today, certain theoretical provisions and tools used to explain the development of an enterprise require additional study, some refinement and clarification. Taking into account the above, the purpose of the article is to form new and improve existing theoretical principles and tools used to explain the development of an enterprise in modern conditions. Based on the results of the study, it was established that in order to ensure the effective development of an enterprise, the following two basic requirements must be met: high competitiveness and investment attractiveness. The competitiveness of a company depends on the efficiency of its functioning: financial-economic, production and commercial efficiency. The conclusion is formulated that the integral level of enterprise development, taking into account the relationship between the concepts of “development”, “potential”, “profit maximization” and factors, depends on the level of scale of enterprise development and the level of quality of enterprise development. The level of scale and quality of development of an enterprise depends on its potential, quality of management, innovation (as a factor promoting the development of the enterprise in the system “type of innovation – type of development”) and growth reserves. The higher the level of potential of an enterprise, the greater opportunities it has to ensure development. Here, the potential of an enterprise should be understood as its capabilities, resources, reserves, used or can be used to achieve certain strategic or tactical business goals of the enterprise. In practice, innovation in enterprises is aimed at increasing the level of efficiency or at protecting (strengthening) the achieved result or transforming it into something new, into improvement (this is development, adaptation of the business model, safety, etc.). All these aspects must be taken into account in the future for further research in order to improve the system and tools for comprehensive diagnostics of enterprise development.

FEATURES OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT OF BUSINESS ENTITIES IN THE IT SECTOR

2025-11-06T12:48:04+02:00

The article characterizes sectoral features of the formation and use of financial resources of business entities in the IT-sector of Ukraine. The state of business entities in the IT-sector in 2022 and its dynamics are analyzed through the prism of exports of computer services, the number of enterprises and individual entrepreneurs; employed in this area, the volume of activities for the period 2010- 2022. Regularities in the peculiarities of financing enterprises in the IT-sector during 2018-2022 have been identified, in particular, the increase in the amount of financial resources was due to an increase in the amount and share of equity. The volume of financing of enterprises was not significantly affected by the crisis related to the Covid-19 pandemic, and during the martial law imposed in 2022, the industry was able to find such formats of work that were not hindered by interruptions in the supply of electricity, air raids and direct hostilities. A proportional relationship between the increase in profit and the amount of financial resources used by IT-enterprises for their activities has been identified. Due to the growth of constant capital, the financial strength of equity and the longterm financial stability of constant capital have been strengthened. It has been found that for enterprises in the IT sector compared to enterprises in Ukraine in general, the coefficients of financial stability are higher and dependence on debt and other types of attracted capital is lower. It has been found that the coefficients of financial stability for enterprises in the IT-sector compared to enterprises in Ukraine are higher and debt dependence is lower. The conclusions of the study are: the domestic IT-sector, even under martial law, has been developing quite dynamically: the number of IT enterprises and IT sole proprietors, the volume of attracted investments and exports of IT products and services have been constantly growing; the total capital of enterprises grew both due to the increase in equity capital and due to the attracted resources for the long and short term.