MAIN APPROACHES TO THE CLASSIFICATION OF GRANTS

Abstract

The article emphasizes that with the beginning of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine in February 2022, the number of grant instruments to support the authorities, regions, communities, business and the public sector, etc., has increased significantly. Different approaches of domestic scientists to the classification of grants are demonstrated. But it was concluded that these studies do not always reflect a comprehensive approach, they lack a all-around approach to the classification of grants, and therefore, based on the analysis of international, national, private, governmental, corporate, public, donor grants, the article demonstrates a comprehensive classification of grant instruments, which consists of 20 criteria. The classification of grants is given depending on: the organizational and legal form of the grant recipient, the amount, the type of expenses for which grant resources can be directed, the origin of funding, whether there is an intermediary between the main donor and the final recipient of grant assistance or not. It is emphasized that it is possible to classify according to the following criteria: depending on the type of business to which grant funding is directed, the entity of the grantor, the speed of obtaining funding, the type of project, the type of donor, the form of grant support, the number of performers, the type of business, strategic goals, origin, availability. It is emphasized that grants can be divided depending on whether the grant needs to be returned. It was emphasized that the types of grants may differ depending on the costs they cover: before the signing of the grant agreement or after, and organizational development grants can be divided into separate categories depending on the service they cover. Grants are defined as resources provided in the form of property, works and services; funds in national or foreign currency with full or partial financing by private, corporate, public, governmental and international grant-makers on an irrevocable and free basis to representatives of authorities and local selfgovernment, micro, small and medium-sized businesses, the public sector and private individuals for the implementation of targeted projects and measures of organizational development. It was concluded that the analysis of international, national, private, government, corporate, public, donor grants on the GRANTS 2023 platform demonstrated the possibility of comprehensive, complete and complex classification of grants.