Keywords
sustainability reporting
accounting system
ESG data
integrated reporting
information support
internal control
How to Cite
Abstract
The rapid tightening of corporate sustainability reporting requirements – chiefly under the European Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive and the European Sustainability Reporting Standards – is turning non-financial disclosure from a voluntary reputational instrument into a regulated component of an undertaking’s reporting infrastructure, held to quality requirements comparable with financial reporting. In Ukraine this vector has been reinforced by the Strategy for the Implementation of Sustainability Reporting by Enterprises, approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine amid the country’s European integration process. At the same time, most enterprises still prepare non-financial indicators as a separate, largely manual process disconnected from primary accounting sources, which undermines the reliability and controllability of sustainability reporting. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the conceptual and organisational-methodological foundations for integrating non-financial reporting into the accounting system of enterprises so as to form reliable, comparable and controlled information support for sustainable development requirements. The article applies a structured analytical review of scholarly publications from 2020–2026 and current regulatory documents, with thematic synthesis across four strands: the evolution of non-financial reporting, integrated reporting, accounting information systems and digitalisation, and data quality and assurance. It draws a conceptual distinction between non-financial reporting, sustainability reporting, ESG data and integrated reporting; compares the materiality philosophies of the European Sustainability Reporting Standards, the IFRS Sustainability Disclosure Standards and the Global Reporting Initiative Standards, taking into account the revision of the European standards adopted in July 2026; identifies the sources of ESG indicators within an enterprise’s accounting subsystems; and compares isolated, partially integrated and fully integrated models of information support. An original conceptual model for integrating non-financial reporting into the accounting system is developed, comprising seven interrelated loops – from economic processes to managerial use of results, with feedback – together with a matrix mapping sustainability indicators to elements of the accounting system. The practical significance lies in providing a methodological basis for organising the accounting support of non-financial reporting amid the phased implementation of sustainability reporting requirements in Ukraine.
References
2. Безверхий К. В. Економічна сутність поняття нефінансова звітність. Науковий вісник Національної академії статистики, обліку та аудиту. 2017. № 1–2. С. 23–34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31767/nasoa.1-2.2017.03
3. Про схвалення Стратегії запровадження підприємствами звітності із сталого розвитку: Розпорядження Кабінету Міністрів України від 18.10.2024 № 1015-р. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1015-2024-р (дата звернення: 15.08.2026).
4. Струк Н. С., Демко Р. Р. Обліково-аналітичне забезпечення формування звітності зі сталого розвитку підприємств. Український економічний часопис. 2025. № 10. С. 110–116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32782/2786-8273/2025-10-17
5. Цятковська О. В., Волошенко Є. Трансформація нефінансової звітності в контексті еволюції парадигми сталого розвитку. Економіка та суспільство. 2026. № 85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32782/2524-0072/2026-85-118
6. Baumüller J., Sopp K. Double materiality and the shift from non-financial to European sustainability reporting: review, outlook and implications. Journal of Applied Accounting Research. 2022. Vol. 23, № 1. P. 8–28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-04-2021-0114
7. Bebbington J., Larrinaga C. Accounting and sustainable development: An exploration. Accounting, Organizations and Society. 2014. Vol. 39, № 6. P. 395–413. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2014.01.003
8. Bu M., Liu X., Zhang B., Hazaea S. A., Fan R., Wang Z. Governance of corporate greenwashing through ESG assurance. Systems. 2024. Vol. 12, № 9. Art. 365. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12090365
9. Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/2772 of 31 July 2023 supplementing Directive 2013/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards sustainability reporting standards (Text with EEA relevance). European Commission. 2023. URL: https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/3e901799-1124-11ef-a251-01aa75ed71a1/ (дата звернення: 15.08.2026).
10. Commission Delegated Regulation amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/2772 as regards the simplification of certain sustainability reporting standards (revised ESRS), adopted 3 July 2026. European Commission. 2026. URL: https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-11667-2026-INIT/en/pdf (дата звернення: 15.08.2026).
11. Free C., Jones S., Tremblay M.-S. Greenwashing and sustainability assurance: a review and call for future research. Journal of Accounting Literature. 2025. Vol. 47, № 4. P. 739–764. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JAL-11-2023-0201.
12. GRI 1: Foundation 2021. Global Reporting Initiative. 2021. URL: https://www.globalreporting.org/publications/documents/english/gri-1-foundation-2021/ (дата звернення: 15.08.2026).
13. IFRS S1 General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability-related Financial Information. IFRS Foundation. 2023. URL: https://www.ifrs.org/issued-standards/ifrs-sustainability-standards-navigator/ifrs-s1-general-requirements/ (дата звернення: 15.08.2026).
14. IFRS S2 Climate-related Disclosures. IFRS Foundation. 2023. URL: https://www.ifrs.org/issued-standards/ifrs-sustainability-standards-navigator/ifrs-s2-climate-related-disclosures/ (дата звернення: 15.08.2026).
15. Jayasiri N. K., Kumarasinghe S., Pandey R. 12 years of integrated reporting: A review of research. Accounting & Finance. 2023. Vol. 63, № 2. P. 2187–2243. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.12958.
16. Liuxiaoyan, Yaacob Z. Digital Transformation of ESG-Driven Management Accounting from an FSSC Perspective: A Literature Review and Theoretical Framework Construction. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation. 2026. Vol. 12, № 12. P. 1441–1453. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51244/IJRSI.2025.12120123
17. Molnár P., Lukács B., Tóth Á. Toward Social Disclosure Alignment: Evaluating the Interoperability of ISSB S2 with ESRS and GRI Standards. Societies. 2025. Vol. 15, № 10. Art. 273. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15100273
18. Petrukha N., Sushko D., Meliankova L., Rybitskyi O., Ovcharenko R. The Evolution of Accounting Practices in the Context of Sustainability and Social Impact, Considering Trends in Financial Analysis. Notas Económicas. 2025. № 60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14195/2183-203x_60_9
19. Zanócz A. Non-financial reporting and assurance trends in selected Central European countries. Public Finance Quarterly. 2025. Vol. 71, № 3. P. 94–115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35551/PFQ_2025_3_4
1. Bezhenar A. & Stashenko Yu. (2026) Formuvannia ESG indykatoriv u systemi nefinansovoi zvitnosti pidpryiemstv: yevrointehratsiinyi kontekst ta standarty ESRS [Formation of ESG indicators in the system of non-financial reporting of enterprises: the European integration context and ESRS standards]. Ekonomika ta suspilstvo – Economy and Society, no. 86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32782/2524-0072/D2026-86-178 (in Ukrainian)
2. Bezverkhyi K. V. (2017) Ekonomichna sutnist poniattia nefinansova zvitnist [The economic essence of the concept of non-financial reporting]. Naukovyi visnyk Natsionalnoi akademii statystyky, obliku ta audytu – Scientific Bulletin of the National Academy of Statistics, Accounting and Audit, no. 1–2, pp. 23–34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31767/nasoa.1-2.2017.03 (in Ukrainian)
3. Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (2024) Pro skhvalennia Stratehii zaprovadzhennia pidpryiemstvamy zvitnosti iz staloho rozvytku: Rozporiadzhennia Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy vid 18.10.2024 № 1015-r [On approval of the Strategy for the Implementation of Sustainability Reporting by Enterprises: Decree No. 1015-r, October 18, 2024]. Available at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1015-2024-r (accessed August 15, 2026). (in Ukrainian)
4. Struk N. S. & Demko R. R. (2025) Oblikovo-analitychne zabezpechennia formuvannia zvitnosti zi staloho rozvytku pidpryiemstv [Accounting and analytical framework for the preparation of sustainability reports by enterprises]. Ukrainskyi ekonomichnyi chasopys – Ukrainian Economic Journal, no. 10, pp. 110–116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32782/2786-8273/2025-10-17 (in Ukrainian)
5. Tsiatkovska O. & Voloshenko Ye. (2026) Transformatsiia nefinansovoi zvitnosti v konteksti evoliutsii paradyhmy staloho rozvytku [Transformation of non-financial reporting in the context of the evolution of the sustainable development paradigm]. Ekonomika ta suspilstvo – Economy and Society, no. 85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32782/2524-0072/2026-85-118 (in Ukrainian)
6. Baumuller J. & Sopp K. (2022) Double materiality and the shift from non-financial to European sustainability reporting: review, outlook and implications. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 8–28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-04-2021-0114
7. Bebbington J. & Larrinaga C. (2014) Accounting and sustainable development: An exploration. Accounting, Organizations and Society, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 395–413. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2014.01.003
8. Bu M., Liu X., Zhang B., Hazaea S. A., Fan R. & Wang Z. (2024) Governance of corporate greenwashing through ESG assurance. Systems, vol. 12, no. 9, art. 365. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12090365
9. European Commission (2023) Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/2772 of 31 July 2023 supplementing Directive 2013/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards sustainability reporting standards (Text with EEA relevance). Available at: https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/3e901799-1124-11ef-a251-01aa75ed71a1/ (accessed August 15, 2026)
10. European Commission (2026) Delegated Regulation amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/2772 as regards the simplification of certain sustainability reporting standards, adopted 3 July 2026. Available at: https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-11667-2026-INIT/en/pdf (accessed August 15, 2026)
11. Free C., Jones S. & Tremblay M.-S. (2025) Greenwashing and sustainability assurance: a review and call for future research. Journal of Accounting Literature, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 739–764. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JAL-11-2023-0201
12. Global Reporting Initiative (2021) GRI 1: Foundation 2021. Available at: https://www.globalreporting.org/publications/documents/english/gri-1-foundation-2021/ (accessed August 15, 2026)
13. IFRS Foundation (2023) IFRS S1 General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability-related Financial Information. Available at: https://www.ifrs.org/issued-standards/ifrs-sustainability-standards-navigator/ifrs-s1-general-requirements/ (accessed August 15, 2026)
14. IFRS Foundation (2023) IFRS S2 Climate-related Disclosures. Available at: https://www.ifrs.org/issued-standards/ifrs-sustainability-standards-navigator/ifrs-s2-climate-related-disclosures/ (accessed August 15, 2026)
15. Jayasiri N. K., Kumarasinghe S. & Pandey R. (2023) 12 years of integrated reporting: A review of research. Accounting & Finance, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 2187–2243. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.12958
16. Liuxiaoyan & Yaacob Z. (2026) Digital Transformation of ESG-Driven Management Accounting from an FSSC Perspective: A Literature Review and Theoretical Framework Construction. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, vol. 12, no. 12, pp. 1441–1453. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51244/IJRSI.2025.12120123
17. Molnar P., Lukacs B. & Toth A. (2025) Toward Social Disclosure Alignment: Evaluating the Interoperability of ISSB S2 with ESRS and GRI Standards. Societies, vol. 15, no. 10, art. 273. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15100273
18. Petrukha N., Sushko D., Meliankova L., Rybitskyi O. & Ovcharenko R. (2025) The Evolution of Accounting Practices in the Context of Sustainability and Social Impact, Considering Trends in Financial Analysis. Notas Economicas, no. 60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14195/2183-203x_60_9
19. Zanocz A. (2025) Non-financial reporting and assurance trends in selected Central European countries. Public Finance Quarterly, vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 94–115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35551/PFQ_2025_3_4
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.