MORPHOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF GARMENT COMPONENTS IN THE PROCESS OF FORM FORMATION

Abstract

The article examines the morphological classification of garment components as a key instrument in the process of shaping the three-dimensional form of a product. The methodological framework of the study is based on a systemic and structural–morphological approach to garment design, which integrates traditional patternmaking methods with contemporary digital and engineering-based modeling technologies. This approach makes it possible to optimize the parameters of form-generating elements such as darts, relief seams, and yokes, and to ensure accuracy of spatial form organization, fit stability, and the performance characteristics of garments under digital design conditions. A classification of garment components according to their role in volume formation is proposed, distinguishing primary form-generating, secondary, corrective, and adaptive (special) elements. It has been established that primary components determine the basic spatial structure and silhouette of the garment, while secondary and corrective components refine local plasticity, ensure compositional integrity, and maintain form stability. Adaptive components, in turn, are aimed at the ergonomic adaptation of the garment to body movements and at increasing the level of wearing comfort. Special attention is paid to the relationship between the morphology of garment components and the geometric mechanisms involved in transforming a planar textile surface into a spatial shell, which allows darts, relief seams, and cut-ins to be interpreted as active generators of volume. It is demonstrated that the application of a morphological classification creates the prerequisites for a transition from intuitive, descriptive design practices to controlled geometric and algorithmic modeling of garment constructions. Thus, the proposed classification enables a systematic assessment of the influence of structural components on the spatial structure and fit of garments, integrating morphological analysis into contemporary design technologies and CAD modeling. This contributes to improved accuracy of design decisions, enhanced controllability of the form-generation process, and the development of garments with predictable aesthetic and functional properties.