ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF MOISTURE SUPPLY ON THE QUALITY OF TECHNICAL HEMP RETTING MATERIAL
Abstract
The article investigates the influence of soil moisture supply and precipitation regime on the growth, development, and formation of quality characteristics of industrial hemp retted material. The role of the water regime at different stages of crop ontogenesis, from seed germination to maturation and stem retting, is substantiated. It is shown that the optimal level of soil moisture (70–80% of minimum water-holding capacity) ensures uniform seedling emergence, intensive accumulation of stem biomass, the formation of favorable morphological characteristics of stems, and a high yield of bast fiber with appropriate physical and mechanical properties. Using the examples of the hemp cultivars Hlukhivski 46 and YUSO-31, it was established that deviations from optimal moisture conditions, both under moisture deficit and excessive moisture, negatively affect stem length and diameter, the course of the retting process, and the quality of the retted material. Under moisture deficit conditions, a reduction in long fiber yield by 20–30%, prolongation of the retting period, and deterioration of technological properties of the fiber were observed. Excessive moisture causes uneven microbiological degradation of pectic substances, a decrease in fiber strength and elasticity, and an extension of the retting period to 20–25 days. The influence of the amount and distribution of precipitation during the growing season on the timing of industrial hemp maturation and the formation of high-quality retted material was analyzed. A set of agrotechnical measures aimed at minimizing the negative impact of extreme moisture conditions and increasing the stability of bast fiber production in different soil and climatic zones of Ukraine is proposed.
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