INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT REGIMES ON THE QUALITY OF INDUSTRIAL HEMP
Abstract
The article investigates the influence of temperature and light regimes on the growth, development, and quality formation of industrial hemp. It has been established that temperature conditions are among the key factors determining seed germination intensity, stem growth dynamics, and fiber accumulation processes. The optimal temperature for germination is +8…+10 °C, while the most intensive plant growth is observed at average daily temperatures of +18…+25 °C. At the same time, temperatures exceeding +30 °C during the active vegetation period lead to accelerated lignification of tissues, increased lignin content, reduced pectin substances, and deterioration of the technological properties of retted fiber (hemp retting material). The significance of the photoperiodic factor as a determining regulator of the transition to the generative phase has been substantiated. It is shown that industrial hemp belongs to short-day crops; however, under long daylight conditions (16–17 hours), intensive vegetative growth is ensured, leading to the formation of tall stems and increased fiber yield. A reduction in day length to less than 14 hours causes premature flowering, decreased biomass, and deterioration of the physical and mechanical properties of retted material. The influence of temperature and moisture conditions on the retting process, which is a crucial stage in fiber formation, has been analyzed. It has been determined that an optimal combination of temperature (+15…+25 °C) and periodic moistening ensures uniform microflora development and effective degradation of pectin bonds. A set of agrotechnical measures aimed at minimizing the negative impact of abiotic stresses is proposed, including the selection of adapted varieties, optimization of sowing dates, regulation of plant density, irrigation practices, and balanced plant nutrition. The implementation of these approaches contributes to increased yield and improved quality of industrial hemp fiber.
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