LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS OF RADON IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAVING STONES

Abstract

This article examines the patterns of radon formation, migration, and transformation at all stages of paving stone production–from the intake of mineral raw materials to the production of finished products. The relevance of this work stems from the need to ensure radiation safety when using natural building materials containing natural radionuclides (uranium, thorium, potassium-40), which are sources of radon formation. The aim of the study is to identify patterns in changes in radon volume activity at various stages of the technological process and to assess potential risks to personnel and product consumers. Research methods included a review of the literature, experimental measurements, and a comparative evaluation of the results obtained. Monitoring was performed using an AlphaE device with a 30-minute measurement interval over a 30-day period at the main technological stages. Main results. It was found that the maximum values of radon volume activity are observed during the mechanical processing of raw materials (145 Bq/m³), while during the molding and curing of products, the concentration gradually decreases to 85 Bq/m³ in the finished product. The results obtained indicate the decisive role of technological factors in the formation of radon exposure. The practical significance lies in the ability to identify critical production stages and justify measures to reduce radiation exposure. Conclusions. The study confirms that there are critical stages during the production of paving stones characterized by maximum radon concentration. During the setting and drying stages of the products, where gradual radon outgassing occurs, a decrease in its volume activity is observed in the finished products. The results obtained demonstrate that finished concrete products pose a lower radiation hazard compared to the initial stages of production.