TECHNOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF PEANUT VARIETIES SEEDS

Abstract

Abstract. The article highlights the formation of technological properties of peanut varieties seeds based on indicators of biochemical composition. It was established that a macro-component slightly changes depending on peanut variety, but a micro-component of the seeds varies in a wide range. It was established that fat content in peanut seeds can be 45.4–48.6%, protein – 25.0–26.5%, carbohydrates – 2.1–3.3%, fiber – 7.8–8.3% with moisture content 6.9–7.8%. It should be noted that 100 g of peanut seeds provides the most daily fat needs of the human body – by 49.3–52.9%. The least amount of this need is provided by carbohydrates – by 2.1–3.3%. The integral score for protein was 26.9–28.5%, and for fiber – 36.5–41.5% depending on the variety. All investigated peanut varieties had high biological value in terms of fat and protein content. Seeds of Valencia Ukrainska, Valencia 433 and Stepniak peanut varieties are a source of vitamins – B6, B5, B9, B1, E, B3 and minerals – Mn, Se, Zn, Fe, Su, P, Mg, as they have the highest integral score. Virginia 936 and Paris grain varieties are inferior to other ones in one or more components. The research results show that out of five peanut samples, Valencia Ukrainska and Valencia 433 varieties had the high integral score for all vitamins. In Stepniak variety, this indicator was high, except for vitamin B1. Thus, it was established that the highest integral score was for vitamin B3 – 87.9–133.6% depending on the variety. 100 g of seeds provided the least daily need of the human body with vitamin C – by 3.2–5.2%. Integral score for vitamins B9, B1 and E was at the level of 43.4–68.7% depending on the peanut variety. The integral score for vitamins B6 and B5 was 24.6–35.0% depending on the peanut variety. The highest integral score of 100 g of seeds for magnesium was 74.3–80.0% depending on the peanut variety. 100 g of peanut seeds provided 61.8–63.6% of the daily phosphorus requirement depending on the variety. The lowest integral score was for sodium – 0.3–0.5%, which is due to the high need of the human body (4000 mg/day). 100 g of peanut seeds provided 55.0% of the daily copper requirement. Integral score for Fe, Zn, Se and Mn was at the level of 18.0–35.7%, and for Ca and S – 4.9–7.5% depending on the peanut variety.