FORMATION OF HYDROCARBON AND PROTEIN COMPOSITION OF GARLIC DURING VEGETATION IN THE ZONE OF THE WESTERN FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

Abstract

Аbstract. Plant amino acids have a significant impact on the functioning of various systems of the human body, enhance the action of biologically active substances and promote their faster assimilation. In this regard, it is important to study their formation during the growing season and study the content in different varieties of garlic, which makes it possible to recommend for consumption varieties with the highest content of the biologically active substances. Garlic is an annual plant, which is one of the leading vegetable crops and is in great demand among the population as well as in canning, meat processing, pharmaceutical, medical and other industries. The article describes the dynamics of formation of reduction sugars, sucrose, fiber, pectin and nitrogenous substances, general, protein and non-protein nitrogen in garlic of certain varieties of shooting and non-shooting forms grown in the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The study of the qualitative composition of carbohydrates by chromatographic method, identification of amino acids and changes in their quantitative and qualitative composition during the growing season is implemented. The results of chromatographic study of the qualitative composition of garlic sugars showed that the heads of all studied varieties in the period of their formation contain glucose, fructose and sucrose. During the intensive growth phase (July), raffinose was identified in garlic cloves. It is known that this trisaccharide in plants is in the free state and acts as a reserve carbohydrate and in acid hydrolysis excrete glucose, fructose and galactose. In all studied varieties of garlic, both in the phase of cloves laying and in the stage of technical maturity, substitute amino acids predominate, and their content in shooting forms is higher than in non-shooting. The results of our research show that garlic is a valuable vegetable crop in terms of nutrition and during the growing season accumulates a number of nutrients that enrich the human body.