EXPERT STUDY OF TEMPORAL DUALISM OF THE ACTION OF ADDITIVES IN MODIFIED POLYMERS
Abstract
The article focuses on one of the problems in the study of the aging processes of polymer films – on the effects of separately highlighted additives, fillers and technological additives, which can manifest themselves in different ways depending on the influence of aging agents. Polymer materials with a small amount of additives (up to 10 wt. %) were subjected to analysis. At the same time, it was emphasized that changes in the physical and mechanical properties of modified polymer materials can manifest themselves in a contradictory manner depending on the type, time and intensity of environmental factors, as well as the quantity and variety of additions. The peculiarities of the process of changing the physical and mechanical characteristics of polymer materials during different periods of action of aging agents are considered. The possibility of changes in the quality functions of composites due to the actions of fillers and ingredients is indicated. Analysis of the results of compatible applications to modified polymer materials makes it possible to summarize and determine the likely directions of exploitation of the received materials. In this case, it becomes realizable to predict the time and warranty period of the polymer sample, and if necessary, to adjust the properties of the materials in order to increase the service life. It is concluded that the temporal dualism of the influence of additives on the polymer matrix should be perceived as a kind of detection of a constant change in the structure and properties of composites, which is difficult to predict and requires practical research with the establishment of such operating conditions that correspond to the application of the material. The main research method – accelerated tests, which are used more and more often due to the constant increase in the terms of use of modified products, have a significant drawback, since they are carried out at elevated temperatures, higher intensity of external factors and inconsistency of the action of aging agents. Modern research should also use methods that combine the analysis of experimental results and modeling of the life cycle stages of polymer products, along with constant improvement and adjustment of the composition of polymer composites, prediction of changes in their structure and properties as well as mandatory testing in the natural environment (or under application conditions). Further research should be directed to an in-depth study of the mechanism of changes in physical and mechanical characteristics in the case of the complex action of various factors on modified polymer films with an increased quantity of additives and to determine the speed of these processes.
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