TAXATION OF THE MOVEMENT OF FIXED ASSETS IN THE FIXED ASSETS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF THE BUSINESS ENTITY

Abstract

In the study, the main economic operations, which are characteristic of the fixed assets of the enterprise, are defined. The following operations are recognized as the main ones: liquidation of fixed assets, substantiation of the feasibility of using the main methods of depreciation, in particular accelerated depreciation, determination of tax differences, as well as features of displaying the tax consequences of donating and inventorying fixed assets. Proceeding from the dual essence of the fixed assets of the enterprise: on the one hand, as production means of labor, which take a direct part in the process of production and economic activity and are included in the cost of manufactured products in the part of the amortized cost, and on the other hand, assets are considered as the property of the enterprise, which exists in orders of the enterprise. Based on this, there are certain peculiarities and subtleties in the display of fixed assets in accordance with accounting standards and tax accounting requirements. If as production – fixed assets affect the formation of the financial result of the enterprise, then as property they reflect the indicators of the report on the financial condition of the enterprise on a certain date, expressed in the monetary equivalent of its economic means (assets) in accordance with the sources of their formation in the form of liabilities and own capital. The conducted research on the taxation of business operations of the movement of fixed assets proved that due to the double reflection of transactions in accounting, there is a certain imbalance with the reflection of similar transactions in tax accounting. This is understandable, because accounting is more focused on the formation of basic reporting indicators, while tax accounting performs a controlling function related to the redistribution of funds received by the enterprise. For tax accounting, it is important that fixed assets participated in the production process and generated income from operation. In this case, it is advisable to carry out their depreciation. If fixed assets are of a non-productive nature, then they cannot generate income and are depreciated accordingly. Another problem when accounting for fixed assets is the choice of amortization method. At the current stage, the application of accelerated depreciation is quite relevant for enterprises, which allows to reduce the terms of depreciation and recover the depreciated value faster, almost twice, which, unfortunately, is possible only for certain groups of fixed assets. Special attention needs to be paid to problems related to operations of liquidation and donation of fixed assets.