THE USE OF RUSSIAN SOFTWARE AND CYBER CHALLENGES: IMPACT ON UKRAINE'S ECONOMY AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DOMESTIC IT SECTOR

Abstract

In modern conditions, waging war in cyberspace is becoming no less important than combat operations on the physical battlefield. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the problem of using Russian software in Ukraine in the context of armed conflict, economic sanctions, and escalating global cyber threats. The study examines the scale of penetration of Russian digital solutions into Ukraine’s public and private sectors, as well as the consequences of their use for national security and financial stability. The key economic losses associated with the exploitation of Russian software are analyzed, including direct financing of the aggressor state’s economy, risks of confidential data leaks, reputational damage for companies, and obstacles to international cooperation in the field of information technology. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of cyber threats arising from the use of Russian software solutions, including specific cases of large-scale cyberattacks on government institutions and major corporations. The problem of vendor lock-in, which hinders the transition to alternative software products, is explored, along with the main barriers that complicate import substitution in the software sector. A comprehensive set of measures is proposed to address this issue, including strengthening state regulations, introducing legislative restrictions, promoting the development of Ukrainian digital products, creating support programs for businesses transitioning to secure alternatives, enhancing the cybersecurity resilience of infrastructure, and expanding international cooperation in the field of digital security. The study's findings confirm that the complete abandonment of Russian software is a necessary condition for ensuring cybersecurity, economic independence, and the development of Ukraine’s IT industry. The adoption of domestically developed or internationally certified software solutions will contribute to strengthening Ukraine’s digital sovereignty, reducing risks of information sabotage and data loss, and fostering the development of an innovative environment in the field of information technologies.