RISK MANAGEMENT AS A TOOL FOR SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT OF ACTIVITIES IN THE MARITIME TRANSPORT SPHERE

Abstract

The article is devoted to the issues of implementing risk management at maritime transport enterprises as a means of successful management of activities and ensuring competitive advantages. It is proved that risk management is an effective tool for responding to economic changes, which includes a set of management measures aimed at identi- fying, analyzing and controlling risks. It is emphasized that currently risk management is an autonomous sphere of management activities of enterprises and belongs to the category of secondary processes that only complement the basic management subsystems. It is substantiated that the absence of a holistic risk management system in the maritime transport sector can lead to unforeseen financial losses, loss of reputation, and a decrease in competitiveness in condi- tions of increased competition and market instability. It has been established that in order to minimize the impact of risks on business in the field of maritime transport, it is necessary to identify the causes of their occurrence and possible consequences, neutralize the negative impact on activities and constantly review and update the arsenal of risk man- agement methods. Attention is focused on the fact that an important feature of maritime transport activities is participa- tion in international trade, which requires compliance with international norms and standards, as well as cooperation between states in the field of safety and environmental protection. The key requirements for maritime transport safety related to the activities of such international organizations as the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the In- ternational Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), the International Safety Management Code (ISM), etc. have been considered. It has been revealed that maritime transport activities are accompanied by human losses, cargo damage and environmental pollution. A classification of maritime transport risks has been presented and the influence of certain factors on their occurrence has been determined. It is proven that risk management in shipping is aimed at the safety of crews and passengers, prevents pollution of the marine environment and environmental disasters, and supports the economic stability of maritime trade. The introduction of an integrated risk management system (IRM) in the field of maritime transport and the application of the international standard ISO 31000:2018 is proposed. The need to adapt risk management processes to their unique needs is justified, ensuring the alignment of IRM with business goals and integration with quality management systems, in the context of the requirements of the international standard ISO 9001:2015. The feasibility of using FMEA analysis as an effective method for detecting, identifying and assessing risks is emphasized.