PRINCIPLES OF UKRAINE’S FOREIGN ECONOMIC POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION: ECONOMIC AND LEGAL ASPECTS
Abstract
The article explores the importance of defining principles of foreign economic policy in the context of digital transformation. An analysis is conducted, justifying the necessity of incorporating such principles into the strategy of relevant policies, as they determine the general direction of a country's actions in the international economic environment. It is established that formulation of such principles within the framework of digital trade agreements is not an effective approach, because each country possesses its own unique characteristics and interests, that it seeks to lobby for. This can lead to differences in approaches between partner countries in determining the legal framework of foreign economic policy and disrupt the effectiveness of the implementation of such policy at the national level. Drawing from international experience a classification of principles for Ukraine's foreign economic policy is proposed. This classification includes general (fundamental) principles such as national interests, active multilateralism, support for open and regulated trade, prioritizing key partners, strategic diversification, promotion of ecological and social sustainability, human rights protection, increased transparency and participation, flexibility and adaptability, as well as alignment with domestic policy. It is argued that a clear definition of the prerequisites for social sustainability in the implementation of foreign economic policy and ensuring a balance between them is an important task for the successful implementation of the relevant principle in Ukraine. Furthermore, it is suggested to single out the principle of integrating the digital economy as a key principle of foreign economic policy in the context of digitalization. The research makes a valuable contribution to understanding the contemporary challenges and opportunities in the field of foreign economic policy within the framework of digital transformation. The information provided in the article offers a basis for the development of effective strategies for the country's development in the global economic environment. Future research directions may include an examination of specific practical steps for implementing the highlighted principles and their impact on international relations and the country's economic development.
References
2. Різник Н.М. Принципи цифровізації економіки України. Інновації: аспекти управління, виробництва, сфери обслуговування: Матеріали VIII Всеукраїнської науково-практичної конференції пам’яті почесного професора ТНТУ, академіка НАН України М.Г. Чумаченка. ТНТ імені Івана Пулюя (Тернопіль, 28 березня 2019 р.). C. 70.
3. Ащеулова, О. М., Гарькава, В. Ф., Іваненко, Р. О., & Циганенко, О. В. Аналіз концепцій напрямів цифрової трансформації економіки. Академічні візії. 2023. (16). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7688416
4. Stroiko, T., Nazarova, L., & Danik, N. Transformation of economic processes on the basis of digitalisation. Baltic Journal of Economic Studies. 2021. 7(1). С. 102–106.
5. Suh J., Lee J.H., Roh J. On the Non-Discrimination Principles in Digital Trade. SSRN. 2022. URL: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4077393
6. G7 Trade Ministers’ Digital Trade Principles. URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/g7-tradeministers-digital-trade-principles
7. Завгородній А. В. Принципи зовнішньоекономічної діяльності: національні та регіональні виміри. Українськии журнал прикладної економіки. 2019. Том 4. № 1. С. 85–93.
8. Гудіма Т.С. Господарсько-правове забезпечення реалізації грошово-кредитної політики держави на засадах сталого розвитку. Київ. 2020. 336 с.
9. Ecological or ecosystem resilience. Glossary. European Environment Agency. URL: https://www.eea.europa.eu/help/glossary/chm-biodiversity/ecological-or-ecosystem-resilience
10. Switzerland’s Foreign Economic Policy Strategy. URL: https://www.newsd.admin.ch/newsd/message/attachments/69222.pdf
11. Mondejar, M. E., Avtar, R., Diaz, H. L. B., Dubey, R. K., Esteban, J., Gómez-Morales, A., Hallam, B., Mbungu, N. T., Okolo, C. C., Prasad, K. A., She, Q., & Garcia-Segura, S. Digitalization to achieve sustainable development goals: Steps towards a Smart Green Planet. Science of The Total Environment. 2021. Vol. 794. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148539
12. More emissions than meet the eye: Decarbonizing the ICT sector. Allianz SE report. 2023. URL: https://www.allianz.com/en/economic_research/publications/specials_fmo/decarbonizinginformation-technologies.html
13. 2030 Digital Compass: the European way for the Digital Decade: Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee of the regions. COM(2021) 118 final. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52021DC0118
14. Towards a green, digital and resilient economy: Our European Growth Model: Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. (COM(2022) 83 final. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/economy-finance/com_2022_83_1_en_act_part1_v5_0.pdf
15. Sustainable Digitalisation. The European DIGITAL SME Alliance. URL: https://www.digitalsme.eu/about-us/
16. Climate and Environmental Strategy for the ICT Sector. Ministry of Transport and Communication. 2021. URL: https://julkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/162912/LVM_2021_06.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
17. The nexus of green and digital: an opportunity of a challenge? World Bank Blogs. URL: https://blogs.worldbank.org/digital-development/nexus-green-anddigital-opportunity-or-challenge
18. Greening Digital in Korea: Korea Case Study for Greening the ICT Sector. World Bank Group Korea Office. 2022. URL: https://documents.worldbank.
org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/152001645712665901/greening-digital-in-koreakorea-case-study-for-greening-the-ict-sector
19. Mohamed, A. M. O., Paleologos, E. K., & Howari, F. (Eds.). Pollution assessment for sustainable practices in applied sciences and engineering. Butterworth-Heinemann. 2020. 42 p.
20. Кібербезпека бізнесу в умовах нестабільності. PwC. URL: https://www.pwc.com/ua/uk/publications/2022/cybersecurity-uncertainty-state.html
21. Ukraine’s invasion and data breaches. Data breach monitoring. Surfshark. 2023. URL: https://surfshark.com/research/chart/war-impact-on-databreaches
22. Data breaches cost an average $9.44m in the US last year. URL: https://technologymagazine.com/articles/data-breaches-cost-an-average-9-44m-in-theus-last-year
23. Facts and Figures 2021: 2.9 billion people still offline. The UN specialized agency for ICTs. URL: https://www.itu.int/hub/2021/11/facts-and-figures-2021-2-9-billion-people-still-offline/
24. Проект Закону України «Про цифровий Порядок денний України». URL: https://www.rada.gov.ua/uploads/documents/40009.pdf
25. Проект Плану відновлення України: матеріали робочої групи «Діджиталізація». 2022. URL: https://www.kmu.gov.ua/storage/app/sites/1/recoveryrada/ua/digitization.pdf
26. UK/Ukraine: Digital Trade Agreement [CS Ukraine No.2/2023]. URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ukukraine-digital-tradeagreement-cs-ukraine-no22023
27. UK-Singapore Digital Economy Agreement: final agreement explainer. URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-singapore-digital-economy-agreement-explainer/uk-singapore-digital-economy-agreement-final-agreement-explainer#open-andinclusive-digital-markets
28. Digital economy agreements are the new frontier for trade – here’s why. World Economic Forum. 2022. URL: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/08/digital-economy-agreements-trade/
29. Digital Economy Partnership Agreement. URL: https://www.mfat.govt.nz/en/trade/free-tradeagreements/free-trade-agreements-in-force/digitaleconomy-partnership-agreement-depa/depa-text-andresources/
30. Джабраілов Р.А., Малолітнева В.К., Гудіма Т.С. Перспективи модернізації господарського законодавства України у контексті концепції сталого розвитку. Економіка та право. 2018. №2 (50). С. 3–19. URL: https://doi.org/10.15407/econlaw.2018.02.003
31. Rommel Banlao. Marcos Jr fashions a flexible foreign policy for the Philippines. 2023. URL: https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2023/01/21/marcos-jrfashions-a-flexible-foreign-policy-for-the-philippines/
32. Flexibility and adaptability the essence of Việt Nam’s foreign policy: int’l experts. July 04, 2023. URL: https://vietnamnews.vn/politics-laws/1550666/flexibility-and-adaptability-the-essence-of-viet-nams-foreign-policy-int-l-experts.html
