PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION USING MODERN DNA METHODS: CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS IN UKRAINE

Abstract

The article analyzes the current state of development of DNA-based personal identification methods in Ukraine, particularly the use of short tandem repeat (STR) analysis and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) testing. The importance of molecular genetic technologies in forensic science, legal medicine, and humanitarian investigations is emphasized, especially in the context of identifying victims of war crimes. Real examples of DNA analysis applied to mass graves in Bucha, Izium, and other locations affected by Russian military aggression are presented. The need to introduce, during the process of reforming the expert service system, uniform internal standards for conducting DNA analysis and their harmonization with international protocols is substantiated, which will ensure the exchange of genetic data with other countries, in particular during cross-border investigations. From the point of view of the legal process, the importance of further improving the legislative mechanisms for the protection of persons subject to DNA identification, as well as an effective system of appeal or re-examination, was indicated. The relevance of work on the further development and expansion of the national registry of genomic information of citizens of Ukraine was confirmed. The advisability of creating a separate Law "On DNA Identification" was announced, which would regulate all technical, legal, and ethical aspects of this process in both peacetime and emergency situations. Using the example of the activities of DNA laboratories in leading countries with a developed forensic science system, it is shown that molecular genetic research is integrated into a complex structure of interaction between the police, judicial authorities, and the healthcare system.The study outlines key scientific, legal, and organizational challenges that hinder the full integration of DNA-based methods into the national identification system. It also highlights future prospects, including the development of bioinformatic infrastructure, creation of national DNA databases, and implementation of international standards in Ukrainian practice.