CITIZENSHIP AS A DEFINING GUARANTEE OF THE CHILDREN RIGHTS OF PRESCHOOL AGE

Abstract

The article is devoted to legal problems of children citizenship, especially children of preschool age. In accordance with international law, most human rights do not depend on nationality. This also applies to the children rights. However, in practice, the lack of citizenship often severely impedes the implementation of a wide range of human rights. Citizenship consists in the interaction of the state and the individual, the harmonization of their rights and responsibilities. Today, the right to acquire citizenship is firmly established as the universal right of every child, through the inclusion of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and numerous other human rights documents. Children in general, especially children of preschool age, require special attention from the state. Therefore, citizenship as a guarantee of the legal status of the child is an important state guarantee. The lack of communication with the state means the lack of access to other legal guarantees. The lack of citizenship in the broad sense leads to a lack of a future for the child, points to gaps in his\her development and creates inequality and discriminatory factors. Despite the fact that at the international level the emphasis has been put on the fact that citizenship should be provided to every child at the earliest possible time, nevertheless, from the point of view of practical application in Europe today, there are a number of important problems. Among them are the following: imperfection of national legislation; discrimination in the field of citizenship on a gender basis; gaps in the application of the principle of the transfer of citizenship from parents; the existence of additional requirements complicating the procedure for obtaining citizenship; gaps in the status of children born in international waters; the imposition of exclusive powers of procedural actions related to the citizenship of children and parents; problems in the field of citizenship establishment.